Salle de Thèses (A104), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy (Marseille).
Invitée par Jean-Louis MILAN
Mise à jour : 28 novembre
L’anthropologie biologique étudie l’Homme dans une double perspective, synchronique et diachronique. Ses problématiques de recherche, principalement situées à l’interface de la biologie et de la culture, s’attachent à appréhender à conserver une approche pluridisciplinaire, voire holistique.
Concernant plus particulièrement l’Anthropologie médico-légale, elle a la particularité de se situer au carrefour des problématiques du « Vivant » et du « Mort » (ancien ou contemporain). Elle s’appuie en premier lieu sur des recherches populationnelles actuelles (les seules pour lesquelles nous puissions accéder à tous les éléments d’information indispensables à l’identification d’un individu, but ultime de la démarche) et cherche dans un second temps à exploiter notre connaissance de la variabilité populationnelle pour la transposer à l’étude d’un et d’un seul individu.
Les référentiels sont obtenus à partir d’archives biologiques (os, dents) ou radiologiques (radiographies, scanners), auxquelles s’ajoute la collecte de données biométriques (classiques, morphologique ou tridimensionnelles). Ils sont ensuite déclinés autour des grandes étapes que sont la croissance, le développement, la sénescence ou la mort, et aident à répondre aux grandes questions liées au contexte médico-légal comme la détermination de l’âge des individus sans papier ou l’identification d’individus décédés via l’établissement d’un profil biologique (âge, sexe, stature) et la collecte de variations squelettiques identifiantes (marqueurs d’activités, pathologies, traumas…).
Salle de Thèses (A104), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy (Marseille).
Invité par Guillaume RAO
Eric Handley, Director of the Penn State Golf Teaching and Research Center and Associate Teaching Professor in the Penn State PGA Golf Management program, will present about their university’s unique education and research programs specifically tailored to golf. His talk will first include details about the program’s combination of a university degree with an education program from accrediting body like the PGA of America. Then the discussion will focus on the education and research foci of the Golf Teaching and Research Center, including golfer kinematics and ground reaction forces, as well as other current and future research and education collaborations.
Salle de Thèse (A104), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy (Marseille)
Adaptive feedback has been shown to improve interaction in virtual environments and to facilitate cognitive and motor learning. Recent studies proposed this type of feedback to guide users, to highlight specific areas in the virtual scene or to help them to perform a specific task. They can follow a path, pass through specific waypoints or even mimic an avatar. However these approaches do not show the gap between learners’ performance and the desired one. Our hypothesis is that by revealing this gap to the users, they will reduce it step by step and tend to the required performance. Thus, we propose visual adaptive metaphors to guide trainees’ gestures by showing specific tasks dependent errors instead of showing a path to follow. In a first study I will present an adaptive virtual environment for fluvial navigation with a decision model based on belief functions (these Loic Fricoteaux). To go further in the field of adaptive feedback, I will present two studies on the concept of gesture adaptive guidance based on a real time error estimation : the first study is a calligraphy application (these Rémy Frenoy), and the second study is an industrial application with a technical gesture training (these Florian Jeanne). Then I will conclude with an attention/ inattention model for augmented reality ADAS (advanced driving assistance system) in a driving application.
Amphi. Jacques Paillard, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy (Marseille)
This talk will give an overview of my work carried out at the Automatic and Micromechatronic department of FEMTO-ST regarding high dynamics piezoelectric actuated systems mainly devoted to precise positioning (micromanipulation and microassembly tasks, imaging tasks, medical applications...). These studies include design and development, modeling, signal estimation, and control aspects.
Micky Rakotondrabe is associate professor (MCF) with HDR at the Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, with research affiliation at FEMTO-ST institute. He is head of the CODE (Control & Design) team of FEMTO-ST and head of the International Master on Control for Green Mechatronics (GREEM) of UBFC.
Salle E203, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy (Marseille)
In this talk, Drs. Moreno and Christie will present a research program that used new mechanisms of innovation in order to create technologies that push the border of conventional experimental psychology and neuroscience towards paradigm that allow us to understand cognition in real environments. In that framework, we will present two research examples : a brain portable recording device and a therapeutic software.
Adrien MEGUERDITCHIAN (Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université).
A 10H30, en Salle des thèses (A104), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy, Marseille.
Abstract
Given the phylogenetical proximity between human and nonhuman primates, research on the communicative, motor and cognitive systems of our primate cousins could help us determining the prerequisites of some language properties inherited from our common ancestor. Whereas some researchers have suggested that language resulted from the evolution of the vocal system, this theory is now challenged by a growing number of authors supporting the “gestural origins” view. Such an alternative theory underlies the fundamental role of gestural communication in the first phylogenetic roots of language.
Such a gestural theory finds support in the considerable evidence of tight links between language organization in humans and gestures including co-speech gestures, sign language in deaf people, and preverbal pointing gestures in infants. Moreover, research has reported potential continuities between the communicative gestural system in nonhuman primates, its lateralization and several fundamental properties of language, such as intentionality, learning flexibility, referential properties and left-hemispheric specialization of the brain. In the present communication, I will review our previous and on-going works on the gestural and vocal behaviors in nonhuman primates, laterality as well as recent findings in anatomical brain imaging in chimpanzees and baboons. I will try to demonstrate that these data in ethology, comparative psychology and neurosciences speak not only for a specific significance of communicative gestures in the course of the language evolution and its hemispheric brain specialization but also for the « bimodal » origin of language with the progressive integration of the oro-facial and vocal control into the gestural intentional system.
Ilja FRISSEN (McGill, Montréal)
A 14h, Salle de thèses (A104), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy (Marseille)
Abstract : The multisensory nature of human locomotion
Spatial updating during self-motion typically involves the appropriate integration of both visual and nonvisual (i.e., body-based) cues, notably vestibular and proprioceptive information. I this talk I will explore four studies done to investigate how human observers combine these two non-visual cues during walking. In the first study, two conditions were designed to evaluate spatial updating when information was largely limited to either proprioceptive information (walking in place) or vestibular information (passive movement). A third condition evaluated updating when both sources of information were available (walking through space) and were either congruent or in conflict. The results are discussed in relation to the maximum likelihood estimation model of sensory integration. They show that when the two cues were congruent, estimates were combined, such that the variance of the adjustments was generally reduced. Results also suggest that when conflicts were introduced between the vestibular and proprioceptive cues, spatial updating was based on a weighted average of the two inputs. The second study quantified the relative weights. The third study explored whether the vestibular signal can be recalibrated by a conflicting proprioceptive signal. The final study looked at how the proprioceptive signal (i.e., walking in place on a treadmill) can induce an illusory sense of self-motion. Taken together it seems that multisensory integration of non-visual body-based signals follow the same general principles as the integration of signals from exteroceptive senses like vision and hearing.
J-Olivier COQ - Institut de Neuroscience de la Timone (INT).
A 14H, en Salle des thèses (A104), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy, Marseille.
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex syndrome of various sensory, motor and cognitive disorders, and a main cause of physical disabilities in children. CP appears primarily related to an injury to immature brain and/or abnormal development of brain organization and function ; however, the emergence of motor disorders remains a matter of debate. Abnormal spontaneous movements are usually observed in infants and children who develop CP later. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD or dyspraxia) corresponds to difficulties with or impairments of the organization, planning and execution of movements that begins in the early developmental period rather than be acquired through brain damage. To gain new insights into the underlying mechanisms of developmental movement disorders, we investigated the enduring impact of early abnormal sensorimotor experience (EASE) on gait and posture, musculoskeletal histopathologies, muscle function and morphology, and anatomical and functional organization of the lumbar spinal cord, primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices in adult rats. We show that EASE degrades locomotion, musculoskeletal tissues, the S1 topographical organization and alters neuronal response properties in S1 and M1. However, we find no changes in S1 and M1 neuroanatomy, yet increased glutamate excitability within the hind limb S1-M1 area. Concomitantly, we find high levels of spasticity and hyperexcitability of the lumbar spinal network that match cortical increased excitability. The changes in muscle function and organization appear to correlate spinal cord plasticity, suggesting neuromuscular interplay. In the absence of perinatal brain damage, we show that abnormal patterns of motor outputs and sensory inputs to the immature spinal cord and cortex play a pivotal role in shaping movement abilities and brain functioning through maladaptive, experience-dependent plasticity, as observed in several pathologies.
Post-scriptum
Dr J-O Coq is a full-researcher at the CNRS (french National Center of Scientific Research) and PI in the Institute of Neuroscience de la Timone (INT) in Marseille, France. He did his postdoctoral trainings in Pr Jon Kaas’ lab at Vanderbilt University (Nashville, TN) and Pr Mike Merzenich’s lab at UC San Francisco ; both of them are members of the US Academy of Science. His current interests are directed toward both sensorimotor plasticity from brain to spinal cord and animal models of human pathologies, such as cerebral palsy and encephalopathy of prematurity. In his team, they developed several rodent models based on either prenatal ischemia, neonatal hypoxia-ischemia or early abnormal sensorimotor experience. They currently use in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological techniques, as well as molecular biology and behavioral experimentation. They also focus on translational research based on such animal models of pathologies.
A 14H, en Salle des thèses (A104), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Campus de Luminy, Marseille.
Mon coach est un chercheur
Reportage de Jérôme Val et Guillaume Battin.
Intervenants
Matthieu Delalandre - sociologue du sport, maître de conférence en STAPS à l’Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée
Guillaume Rao - biomécanicien, maître de conférences à Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, également à l'Institut des sciences du mouvement
Nos invités du jour, le pédopsychiatre Michel Botbol et la psychosociologue Cécile Martha, s'interrogent autour de la question suivante : «Pourquoi prendre des risques?»
Prendre des risques fait partie de la nature humaine. Mais, chacun en a son appréciation, et celle-ci, si elle est mal évaluée, peut avoir de néfastes conséquences, pour soi ou pour les autres. Cerner le risque, le comprendre, se trouver face à lui, individuellement ou collectivement, pour mieux se laisser aller à l’audace, voilà le propos de l’exposition.
L’application, développée par la startup basée à Marseille, veut rompre avec la sédentarité en incitant les utilisateurs à marcher pour découvrir une ville tout en obtenant une gratification.
L'ISM sur le podium.
2ème prix du jury ! Colin Gatouillat nous vient d'Aix-Marseille Université et réalise sa thèse à l'Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne-Jules Marey sur le sujet suivant : "Étude du processus de désportivisation chez des adolescents de Collège et de Lycée en France."
Descendre sous les 10 secondes au 100 mètres. Franchir une barre à plus de 6 mètres de haut avec une perche. Jouer un match de basket en NBA. Gagner une médaille olympique ou le Tour de France. Les performances des plus grands athlètes nous fascinent. Leurs exploits sont exceptionnels. Nous ne sommes pas égaux devant le sport, encore moins face à la performance. Mais qu'est-ce qui différencie un athlète de haut niveau d'un coureur lambda, est-ce juste une question d'entraînement ? Ce documentaire propose de partir à la recherche des facteurs déterminants de la performance et leurs origines, sur la trace de ce qui fait l'essence d'un champion.
Mon coach est un chercheur
Reportage de Jérôme Val et Guillaume Battin.
Intervenants
Matthieu Delalandre - sociologue du sport, maître de conférence en STAPS à l’Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée
Guillaume Rao - biomécanicien, maître de conférences à Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, également à l'Institut des sciences du mouvement
https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/le-magazine-de-la-redaction/mon-c...
La cellule Performance de la Fédération Française de Tir était présente à l'ISM le 13 septembre 2017 afin de visiter les installations et réfléchir à des projets de recherche communs. Les membres de la fédération ont pu visiter l'ensemble des installations de l'ISM, dont le Centre de Réalité Virtuelle de la Méditerranée et le Technosport. Jean Quiquampoix, médaillé d'argent aux JO de Rio (au centre de la photo) et Valérie Bellenoue, chargée de la cellule Performance de la fédération, accompagnés des entraîneurs et kinés, ont pu découvrir nos installations et imaginer les recherches de demain pour gagner.
Dans le cadre du concours « My innovation is » organisé début octobre par la SATT Sud-Est, Mathieu LECOCQ, doctorant dans l'équipe PSNM, a reçu le prix de l'innovation pour le projet :
« Fabrication d'une prothèse du genou parfaitement adaptée à un modèle animal pour permettre de mieux comprendre l'effet d'une prothèse sur le système nerveux ».
Article paru dans le journal "La Marseillaise"
The workshop has took place in Marseille, at the Faculty of Sport Sciences located on the campus of Luminy - (163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 – Marseille).
The human organism is a complex system composed of a huge number of sub-systems that interact on different scales of space and time. It is now accepted that aging is more than the sum of the separate alterations occurring across the multiple subsystems. Instead, aging leads to critical changes in the functional interactions that occur within and between them.
Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne-Jules Marey | Aix Marseille Université - Tous droits réservés - Mentions légales
